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Upacara Aqiqah Dalam Masyarakat Melayu, Riau

-Berita Terbaru, Sosial dan Budaya-4.156 views

Masyarakat Melayu memiliki banyak sekali upacara-upacara tradisional yang masih dipertahankan hingga sekarang. Upacara tradisional Melayu itu meliputi keseluruhan siklus kehidupan manusia sejak dalam kandungan, kelahiran, masa kanak-kanak, remaja, dewasa, berumah tangga,Semua itu diatur sedemikian rupa oleh adat yang telah disepakati sejak zaman nenek moyang orang Melayu dan diwariskan secara turun temurun hingga sekarang.

Syukuran Mengayun anak : Nabila Humairah pribadi (dok.CelahkotaNews)

Biasanya upacara tradisional untuk memperingati peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu diadakan dengan mengundang kerabat dekat dan tetangga dengan jamuan makan bersama. Berbagai macam upacara adat yang terdapat di dalam masyarakat Melayu merupakan cerminan bahwa semua perbuatan telah diatur oleh tata nilai luhur. Tata nilai luhur tersebut diwariskan secara turun-temurun dari generasi ke generasi.

Syukuran Mengayun anak : Nabila Humairah pribadi (dok.CelahkotaNews)

Kenyataan bahwa masyarakat Melayu menghormati budayanya, tampak dalam pelaksanaan Ayun Budak. Ayun Budak adalah upacara yang dilakukan untuk bayi yang baru berusia beberapa hari dan digabungkan dengan upacara aqiqah, sehingga kegiatan mencukur rambut bayi dan menepung-tawari bayi selalu mengawali acara ini.

Dengan Bismillah Rabbi kami mulai
Alhamdulillah selawatkan Nabi
Dengan Takdir Rabbi Ilahi Rabbi
Sampailah Maksud yang dicintai

Seorang anak Rabbi cinta yang lama
Sekaranglah sudah kami terima
Titiklah titik Rabbi diberi nama
Kami ayunkan bersama-sama

Jawab…

Dipanggil kami Rabbi orang sekalian
Oleh ibumu bapakmu tuan
Sesudah diberi Rabbi minum dan makan
Menyatakan syukur kepada Tuhan

Syukur kepada Rabbi Allah ta’ala
Karena mendapat intan kumala
Memberi sedekah Rabbi beberapa pula
Dengan sekedarnya adalah pula

Adapun makna dan tujuan lagu Ayun Budak kedua, yaitu menjadi media penyampaian nasehat kepada si bayi maupun hadirin. Dan ketiga, Ayun Budak melalui lagu-lagunya bertujuan menghaturkan doa kepada Sang Khalik. Doa itu dilakukan oleh kedua orang tua bayi dan diiringi lantunan lagu jawaban oleh semua hadirin, seperti:

Ibu bapakmu Rabbi mari dengarkan
Anak diayunkan kami nyanyikan
Bersama-sama Rabbi kita doakan
Harapan Allah minta perkenalkan

Adapun anak Rabbi masa kecilnya
Harum-haruman ibu bapaknya
Sehingga sampai Rabbi sudah umurnya
Satu tahun genap bilangan

Dipanggil kami Rabbi kaum kerabat
Serta sekalian handai sahabat
Sekalian jiran Rabbi kawan terdekat
Semuanya datang dengan selamat

Jauh dan dekat Rabbi datang sekalian
Besar dan kecil laki-laki perempuan
Setengahnya datang berjalan sampan
Setengahnya datang berpayung sampan

Inilah kami Rabbi datang bertamu
Mengunjungi engkau hilir dan hulu
Mengayun engkau Rabbi maksud begitu
Karena hajat ibu bapakmu

Wahai anak Rabbi pikir olehmu
Besarnya hajat ibu bapakmu
Jika besar Rabbi sudah umurmu
Jasa mereka balas olehmu

Baris-baris lirik lagu Ayun Budak di atas menunjukkan ungkapan orang tua bayi yang menyambut para tamu undangan dalam upacara aqiqah anak. Sedangkan dari lirik lagu jawaban termaktub sejenis percakapan formal yang metaforis dengan pemaknaan yang menegaskan iktikad (keinginan) baik dari para tamu undangan. Nuansa dialogis itu berlangsung dalam lagu Ayun Budak yang menyerupai pantun berbalas, yang biasanya dalam masyarakat Melayu digunakan untuk ritual keagamaan, perkawinan, adat-istiadat, ataupun aktivitas sosial lainnya.

Syukuran Mengayun anak : Nabila Humairah pribadi (dok.CelahkotaNews)

Berdasarkan uraian di atas, tampaklah bahwa pelaksanaan upacara tradisional Ayun Budak memuat makna filosofi yang diwariskan dari nenek moyang orang Melayu. Upacara tradisional itu sarat dengan pesan-pesan moral dan harapan baik bagi sang bayi bila kelak ia tumbuh dewasa. Oleh karenanya, dalam masyarakat Melayu, tidak ada elemen yang digunakan sebagai pelengkap setiap upacara yang tidak memuat arti tertentu; setiap elemen adalah simbol dari makna yang diwakilinya. Sekalipun dirasa rumit dan sangat detail oleh beberapa orang, tradisi Melayu ternyata masih dipertahankan oleh masyarakatnya. Kesetiaan masyarakat Melayu terhadap tradisinya secara umum memberi kesan adanya sifat mengikuti apa yang dilakukan orang tua dengan maksud menjaga identitas diri sebagai orang Melayu. Bentuk pewarisan tradisi tersebut pada hakekatnya adalah untuk melanggengkan nilai-nilai luhur yang termuat di balik setiap tindakan, termasuk upacara Ayun Budak.

Sebagai hasil kreatif seni bahasa, lagu Ayun Budak lahir dari pemikiran yang berlangsung dari situasi kelisanan. Tradisi kelisanan dalam masyarakat Melayu di Riau, misalnya, akan mempengaruhi bentuk dan struktur lagu Ayun Budak. Dalam budaya yang hampir seluruhnya bersifat lisan, semua pesan yang diterima biasanya disimpan dalam ingatan untuk kemudian digunakan kembali ketika ada acara Ayun Budak. Karena keterbatasan daya simpan otak manusia, maka digunakan bentuk-bentuk linguistik atau bahasa yang mudah dihafal, mudah diingat, dan mudah disampaikan, sebagaimana larik lagu-lagu Ayun Budak dalam buku ini.

Syukuran Mengayun anak : Nabila Humairah pribadi (dok.CelahkotaNews)

Oleh karena itu, tanpa memahami situasi kelisanan dan muatan pesan dari setiap detail tindakan serta makna upacara Ayun Budak, kekhawatiran akan terkikisnya eksistensi, sekaligus esensi, upacara tradisional dalam masyarakat Melayu tersebut mungkin cukup beralasan. Nah, kehadiran buku yang mengurai prosesi Ayun Budak dan dilengkapi dengan lagu-lagu beserta foto-foto yang ilustratif ini, jelas membuat pemahaman kita tentang khazanah budaya Melayu makin mendalam. Kedua penulisnya harus dihargai atas upayanya melebarkan dan memperkenalkan kekayaan khazanah budaya Melayu. Karenanya, buku ini sayang diabaikan, terutama bagi mereka yang memerlukan bahan rujukan atau karya pembanding tema budaya Melayu Riau.

Sumber : melayuonline.com/dan berbagai Sumber

 

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